middle age - перевод на русский
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middle age - перевод на русский

PERIOD OF EUROPEAN HISTORY FROM THE 5TH TO THE LATE 15TH-CENTURY
MiddleAges; Medieval (term); Medieval European History; Medieval European history; Middle Age; Middle ages; Mediaeval; Medieval Europe; Midaeval; Medieval times; Mediæval; Mediaevel; Medieval history; Medieval era; Medieval History; Middle-Ages; Middle-Age; MEDIEVAL HISTORY; Midevil; Medieval ages; Mediaeval Europe; Medieval period; Medieval; Medieval Era; The medieval Times; Medival; Mediaval; Mediæval period; Medieaval; Medieval age; Medieval Period; Medeival period; Mideival period; Midieval period; Mideval; Mediaeval period; Middle-ages; The Middle Ages; Medieval Ages; Medieval kingdom; Low Middle Ages; Mediæval History; Medieval European; Medieval Age; Europe in the middle ages; Life in the Middle Ages; Medieval theme; Central Middle Age; Middle Ages in Western Europe; Government in the High Middle Ages; Mediaeval history; Mediaeval ages; Medeival; Medieval historian; Post-classical Europe; The middle ages; Medival period
  • Froissart's ''Chroniques'']]
  • Charlemagne's palace chapel]] at [[Aachen]], completed in 805<ref name=Stalley73>Stalley ''Early Medieval Architecture'' p. 73</ref>
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  • Franciscan Order]].<ref name=Hamilton47>Hamilton ''Religion in the Medieval West'' p. 47</ref>
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  • [[Krak des Chevaliers]] was built during the Crusades for the [[Knights Hospitaller]]s.<ref name=Fortress268>Kaufmann and Kaufmann ''Medieval Fortress'' pp. 268–269</ref>
  • Agricultural calendar, c. 1470, from a manuscript of [[Pietro de Crescenzi]]
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  • [[Barbarian kingdoms]] and tribes after the end of the Western Roman Empire
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  • L'Image du monde]]''
  • Gregory the Great]] dictating to a secretary
  • [[Jacquerie]]}}, from a 14th-century manuscript of the ''Chroniques de France ou de St Denis''
  • [[Joan of Arc]] in a 15th-century depiction
  • enamel]] plaque.<br>[[Essen Cathedral Treasury]], Germany
  • A page from the [[Book of Kells]], an [[illuminated manuscript]] created in the British Isles in the late 8th or early 9th century<ref name=Nees145>Nees ''Early Medieval Art'' p. 145</ref>
  • February scene from the 15th-century illuminated manuscript [[Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry]]
  • Expansion during the Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750}}
  • Maria Laach, Germany]]
  • 13th-century illustration of a Jew (in pointed [[Jewish hat]]) and the Christian [[Petrus Alphonsi]] debating
  • A medieval scholar making measurements in a 14th-century manuscript illustration
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  • Clerics studying [[astronomy]] and [[geometry]], French, early 15th century
  • AD 491–501}}
  • Portrait of Cardinal [[Hugh of Saint-Cher]] (d. 1263) by [[Tommaso da Modena]], 1352, the first known (although anachronistic) depiction of [[spectacles]]<ref>Ilardi, ''Renaissance Vision'', pp.&nbsp;18–19</ref>
  • depicting the Tetrarchs]], now in [[Venice]], Italy<ref name=Tansey242>Tansey, et al. ''Gardner's Art Through the Ages'' p. 242</ref>

middle age         
средний возраст
middle age         

общая лексика

средний возраст

middle age         
средний (медианный) возраст; обобщающая характеристика возрастной структуры населения.

Определение

Нью эйдж
("Нью эйдж")

индийский еженедельник, ЦО Коммунистической партии Индии (КПИ). Основан в 1953. Издаётся на английском языке в Дели.

Лит.: Круглов Е. В., Коммунистическая печать Индии, М., 1966.

Википедия

Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelled mediæval or mediaeval) lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and transitioned into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages.

Population decline, counterurbanisation, the collapse of centralized authority, invasions, and mass migrations of tribes, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The large-scale movements of the Migration Period, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East – most recently part of the Eastern Roman (or Byzantine) Empire – came under the rule of the Umayyad Caliphate, an Islamic empire, after conquest by Muhammad's successors. Although there were substantial changes in society and political structures, the break with classical antiquity was not complete. The still-sizeable Byzantine Empire, Rome's direct continuation, survived in the Eastern Mediterranean and remained a major power. Secular law was advanced greatly by the Code of Justinian. In the West, most kingdoms incorporated extant Roman institutions, while new bishoprics and monasteries were founded as Christianity expanded in Europe. The Franks, under the Carolingian dynasty, briefly established the Carolingian Empire during the later 8th and early 9th centuries. It covered much of Western Europe but later succumbed to the pressures of internal civil wars combined with external invasions: Vikings from the north, Magyars from the east, and Saracens from the south.

During the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase. Manorialism, the organisation of peasants into villages that owed rent and labour services to the nobles, and feudalism, the political structure whereby knights and lower-status nobles owed military service to their overlords in return for the right to rent from lands and manors, were two of the ways society was organised in the High Middle Ages. This period also saw the formal division of the Catholic and Orthodox churches, with the East–West Schism of 1054. The Crusades, which began in 1095, were military attempts by Western European Christians to regain control of the Holy Land from Muslims, and also contributed to the expansion of Latin Christendom in the Baltic region and the Iberian Peninsula. Kings became the heads of centralised nation states, reducing crime and violence but making the ideal of a unified Christendom more distant. In the West, intellectual life was marked by scholasticism, a philosophy that emphasised joining faith to reason, and by the founding of universities. The theology of Thomas Aquinas, the paintings of Giotto, the poetry of Dante and Chaucer, the travels of Marco Polo, and the Gothic architecture of cathedrals such as Chartres mark the end of this period.

The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and the Western Schism within the Catholic Church paralleled the interstate conflict, civil strife, and peasant revolts that occurred in the kingdoms. Cultural and technological developments transformed European society, concluding the Late Middle Ages and beginning the early modern period.

Примеры употребления для middle age
1. "There‘s a lot of problems NASA has at middle age.
2. "Other people can let themselves go in middle age.
3. These men find themselves starting life at middle age.
4. Outta shape, middle–age looking "Idol". I think not.
5. Most popular stories Health » Entire site » Middle–age spread?
Как переводится middle age на Русский язык